| Ingredient | Amount | Substitution |
| Allspice | 1 teaspoon | 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon, 1/4 teaspoon ginger, and 1/4 teaspoon cloves |
| Baking powder | 1 teaspoon | 1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 1/2 teaspoon cream of tartar |
| Brown sugar | 1 cup | 1 cup white sugar plus 1/4 cup molasses and decrease the liquid in recipe by 1/4 cup1 cup white sugar1 1/4 cups confectioners’ sugar |
| Butter (salted) | 1 cup | 1 cup margarine
1 cup shortening plus 1/2 teaspoon salt 7/8 cup vegetable oil plus 1/2 teaspoon salt |
| Butter (unsalted) | 1 cup | 1 cup shortening
7/8 cup vegetable oil |
| Buttermilk | 1 cup | 1 cup yogurt
1 tablespoon lemon juice or vinegar plus enough milk to make 1 cup |
| Chocolate(semisweet) | 1 ounce | 1 (1-ounce) square of unsweetened chocolate plus 4 teaspoons sugar
1 ounce semisweet chocolate chips plus 1 teaspoon shortening |
| Chocolate (unsweetened) | 1 ounce | 3 tablespoons unsweetened cocoa plus 1 tablespoon shortening or vegetable oil |
| Cocoa | 1/4 cup | 1 (1-ounce) square unsweetened chocolate |
| Corn syrup | 1 cup | 1 1/4 cup white sugar plus 1/3 cup water
1 cup honey |
| Cream (half and half) | 1 cup | 7/8 cup milk plus 1 tablespoon butter |
| Cream (heavy) | 1 cup | 1 cup evaporated milk3/4 cup milk plus 1/3 cup butter |
| Cream (light) | 1 cup | 1 cup evaporated milk3/4 cup milk plus 3 tablespoons butter |
| Cream cheese | 1 cup | 1 cup pureed cottage cheese1 cup plain yogurt, strained overnight in a cheesecloth |
| Cream of tartar | 1 teaspoon | 2 teaspoons lemon juice2 teaspoons vinegar |
| Egg | 1 whole (3 tablespoons or 1.7 oz) | 2 1/2 tablespoons of powdered egg substitute plus 2 1/2 tablespoons water1/4 cup liquid egg substitute1/4 cup silken tofu pureed
3 tablespoons mayonnaise 1 half a banana mashed with 1/2 teaspoon baking powder 1 tablespoon powdered flax seed soaked in 3 tablespoons water |
| Evaporated milk | 1 cup | 1 cup light cream |
| Flour–Bread | 1 cup | 1 cup all-purpose flour plus 1 teaspoon wheat gluten |
| Flour–Cake | 1 cup | 13/4 cup all-purpose flour and 1/4 cup of cornstarch |
| Flour–Self-Rising | 1 cup | 7/8 cup all-purpose flour plus 1 1/2 teaspoons baking powder and 1/2 teaspoon of salt |
| Gelatin | 1 tablespoon | 2 teaspoons agar agar |
| Honey | 1 cup | 1 1/4 cup white sugar plus 1/3 cup water1 cup corn syrup1 cup light treacle syrup |
| Margarine | 1 cup | 1 cup shortening plus 1/2 teaspoon salt1 cup butter7/8 cup vegetable oil plus 1/2 teaspoon salt |
| Mayonnaise | 1 cup | 1 cup sour cream1 cup plain yogurt |
| Milk–whole | 1 cup | 1 cup soy milk1 cup rice milk1 cup water
1/4 cup dry milk powder plus 1 cup water 2/3 cup evaporated milk plus 1/3 cup water |
| Molasses | 1 cup | Mix 3/4 cup brown sugar and 1 teaspoon cream of tartar |
| Shortening | 1 cup | 1 cup butter1 cup margarine minus 1/2 teaspoon salt from recipe |
| Sour cream | 1 cup | 1 cup plain yogurt1 tablespoon lemon juice or vinegar plus enough cream to make 1 cup3/4 cup buttermilk mixed with 1/3 cup butter |
| Sweetened condensed milk | 1 (14-ounce) can | 3/4 cup white sugar mixed with 1/2 cup water and 1 1/8 cups dry powdered milk: Bring to a boil and cook, stirring frequently, until thickened, about 20 minutes |
| Vegetable oil–for baking | 1 cup | 1 cup applesauce1 cup fruit puree |
| White sugar | 1 cup | 1 cup brown sugar1 1/4 cups confectioners’ sugar3/4 cup honey3/4 cup corn syrup |
| Yogurt | 1 cup | 1 cup sour cream1 cup buttermilk1 cup sour milk |
